18 best B2B lead generation tools and software in 2025
In 2025, B2B lead generation is more critical than ever due to the highly competitive digital landscape. With remote work and digital transformation becoming the norm, traditional sales tactics like cold calling or in-person networking have taken a backseat. Instead, businesses now rely on a blend of content marketing, email outreach and social media prospecting. Advanced tools like AI-powered CRM systems and scraping tools generate leads efficiently– and you shouldn’t miss this train!
The rise of data privacy regulations and more informed buyers has also shifted the focus toward value-driven and ethical lead generation strategies. Ultimately, B2B lead generation fuels the entire sales pipeline. Without a consistent flow of qualified leads, businesses struggle to grow, retain clients, or predict revenue. Whether you’re a startup or an enterprise, your ability to generate the right leads determines your long-term success.
How to choose the right B2B lead generation tool
Customization
You need great targeting to reach your audience. Make sure the tool offers advanced filters (industry, job title, company size, location, etc.) so you can reach your ideal prospects.
Data Accuracy & freshness
Accurate, up-to-date contact data is essential. Look for platforms that refresh their databases regularly.
CRM & outreach integrations
Check if the tool or the output you get can be easily integrated with your CRM, email marketing platform, or sales automation tools to save time and reduce manual work.
Scalability
Choose a tool that supports your current volume and can grow with your sales goals. Set up a realistic ROI for how much money you want to spend in the tool and how much revenue you are getting from it.
Compliance & data security
Ensure the tool adheres to data privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA to avoid legal issues and protect your brand. This is especially important if you are doing email marketing or using scraping tools.
Ease of use
A user-friendly interface means less onboarding and faster results for your team. Many tools have great features, but if you don’t know how to use them or their usability is hard or it involves coding, it is better to look for a no-code option. Remember, that paying for the most expensive tool doesn’t mean you will get better results!
Support & training
Good customer support and tutorials can make a big difference when getting started or scaling. As a general guidance, remember that solid lead generation tools should simplify prospecting—not complicate it. You need to focus on nurturing your database and closing sales, not learning technical skills or finding the information you need in the tool. If you want to grow your database, try IGLeads to get fresh leads!
Best B2B lead generation software (2025 picks)
There are many B2B lead generation tools, from email extractors to web scrapers or prospecting tools. Let us help you make the best choice for your business and find a solution that makes your life easier while you grow your customers database.
- IGLeads
- Hubspot Marketing Hub
- LinkedIn Sales Navigator
- Apollo.io
- ZoomInfo
- OptinMonster
- ActiveCampaign
- Unbounce
- Pipedrive
- Leadpages
- Leadfeeder
- Phantombuster
IGLeads
IGLeads is our solution for entrepreneurs, small agencies and businesses owners who need good quality and fresh leads to achieve their goals. We have designed a web scraping and lead generation tool that extracts contact data from platforms like Instagram, Google Maps, TikTok, and more. Users can filter by niche, location, or keywords to get hyper-specific results. It is ideal for social-driven outreach and local business prospecting.
- Target platforms: Instagram, TikTok, Google Maps, Facebook Groups, Real Estate Platforms
- Main use: targeted B2B data scraping from social media
- Easy usability: simple interface, ready-to-use filters
- Customization: medium (focus on specific data outputs)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: medium (exports to CSV or connects via API)
- Data accuracy: high (filtered and niche-specific)
- Automation capabilities: low (manual usage or basic automation)
- Ideal for: small teams, niche prospecting, local businesses, solopreneurs
- Payment plans:
- Starter plan: $59/month. Allows scraping of up to 10,000 emails per month with 2 scraping seats.
- Business plan: $149/month for unlimited email scraping with 2 scraping seats.
Hubspot Marketing Hub
Hubspot is a comprehensive inbound marketing platform designed to help businesses attract, convert, and nurture leads. It includes tools for email marketing, social media, landing pages, and SEO. Its CRM integration ensures seamless lead tracking and customer data management. Ideal for big businesses looking for an all-in-one marketing solution.
- Target platforms: email, landing pages, social media, ads
- Main use: inbound marketing, lead nurturing, CRM-based campaigns
- Great usability (user-friendly interface, visual builder)
- Customization: moderate to high (custom workflows, lists, emails)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: native HubSpot CRM, wide 3rd-party app ecosystem
- Data accuracy: High (depends on user input and tracking)
- Automation capabilities: high (workflows, triggers, segmentation)
- Ideal for: big marketing teams, inbound-focused businesses
- Payment plans:
- Free plan: basic features
- Starter plan: $20/month (1,000 leads)
- Professional plan: $890/month (2,00 leads included)
- Enterprise plan: $3,600 (10,000 leads)
LinkedIn Sales Navigator
Sales Navigator is LinkedIn’s premium sales tool for advanced lead generation and prospecting. It offers deep filters, lead recommendations, and real-time insights into buyer behavior. Users can save leads, monitor updates, and engage directly on the platform. It’s a go-to for B2B professionals targeting decision-makers.
- Target platforms: LinkedIn, CRM tools (Salesforce, HubSpot), web behavior tracking
- Main use: lead intelligence, B2B prospecting, account-based sales enablement
- Moderate usability: designed for professional sales teams; some learning curve for full feature use
- Customization: high (advanced search filters, lead recommendations, custom lists, real-time alerts)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong CRM integration (Salesforce, HubSpot, Microsoft Dynamics, Outreach)
- Data accuracy: very high (real-time LinkedIn data, verified profiles, frequent updates)
- Automation capabilities: moderate to high (saved leads/accounts, lead recommendations, CRM sync, alerting)
- Ideal for: enterprise sales teams, B2B SaaS, account executives, business development reps
- Payment plans:
- Core: $99.99 per month for 50 InMail messages/month and advanced search
- Advanced: $179.99 per month for CRM integrations, TeamLink and other features
- Advanced Plus: custom pricing for enterprise-level integrations, advanced administrative tools, and enhanced support.
Apollo.io
Apollo combines a large contact database with outreach automation tools, enabling users to find and connect with prospects at scale. It offers verified emails, direct dials, and intent data for better targeting. The platform also includes cadence features for multichannel campaigns. Great for outbound sales teams seeking efficiency.
- Target platforms: Email, LinkedIn, CRM integrations
- Main use: outbound sales prospecting, email sequencing, data enrichment
- Moderate usability: rich features, slight learning curve
- Customization: high (custom segments, multi-step sequences)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: native integrations with Salesforce, HubSpot, others
- Data accuracy: very High (real-time data enrichment, contact verification)
- Automation capabilities: high (sequencing, triggers, automation flows)
- Ideal for: sales teams, SDRs, outbound marketing
- Payment plans:
- Free plan: 50 emails credits per month and a limit of 250 daily emails
- Basic: $59 per user/month for 200 email credits
- Professional: $119 per user/month for unlimited email credits
- Organization: $179 per user/month with a minimum of 3 users, with access to all professional plan features and API access
ZoomInfo
ZoomInfo provides rich B2B data on companies and professionals, including contact details, firmographics, and buying intent. It integrates with CRMs to streamline prospecting and account-based marketing. The platform’s AI-driven insights help sales teams identify and engage high-quality leads. It’s a top choice for enterprise lead generation.
- Target platforms: LinkedIn, CRM tools, company websites, web behavior tracking
- Main use: lead intelligence, B2B contact database, sales enablement
- Moderate usability: enterprise-level features, some complexity
- Customization: High (custom intent signals, filters, alerts)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: Strong CRM integration (Salesforce, HubSpot, Outreach, etc.)
- Data accuracy: very high (verified contact info, intent data)
- Automation capabilities: very high (alerts, integrations, lead scoring)
- Ideal for: enterprise sales, B2B SaaS, revenue ops teams
- Payment plans:
- Professional Plan: $14,995/ year for up to 3 users
- Advanced plan: $24,995/year with 1,000 monthly user credits per user
- Elite plan: $39,995/year with advanced sales automation tools
You can get add-on features paying around $10,000 per year. Also, remember that each bulk of credits has a different price, starting with 5,000 credits with $0,60 per credit. There is a 2 day free trial available for ZoomInfo.
OptinMonster
OptinMonster is a lead capture and conversion tool focused on turning website visitors into subscribers or customers. It features customizable popups, slide-ins, and floating bars triggered by user behavior. Advanced targeting and A/B testing help optimize campaigns for better performance. Perfect for eCommerce, blogs, and marketers looking to grow email lists.
- Target platforms: Websites (WordPress, Shopify, Magento, Squarespace, Wix, and others), integrates with major email marketing services (e.g., Mailchimp, Constant Contact) and CRMs (e.g., HubSpot, Salesforce)
- Main use: on-site lead generation, conversion optimization, email list building, reducing cart abandonment
- Easy usability: user-friendly drag-and-drop builder with 700+ templates; minimal technical skills required
- Customization: high (advanced targeting rules, behavior-based triggers, A/B testing, dynamic content personalization)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong integrations with major CRMs (e.g., Salesforce, HubSpot) and email marketing platforms; supports lead sharing across multiple platforms
- Data accuracy: high (real-time lead capture with immediate syncing to integrated platforms)
- Automation capabilities: moderate to high (exit-intent detection, inactivity sensors, campaign scheduling, lead sharing automation)
- Ideal for: small to medium-sized businesses, eCommerce sites, bloggers, digital marketers seeking to enhance on-site conversions
- Payment plans:
- Basic: $9/month (billed annually). Includes essential features for single-site usage
- Plus: $19/month (billed annually). Adds A/B testing, content locking, and more
- Pro: $29/month (billed annually). Includes mobile-specific campaigns, countdown timers, and advanced integrations
- Growth: $49/month (billed annually). Offers all features, including sub-accounts, client logins, and advanced reporting
Note: no free plan is available; however, a 14-day money-back guarantee is offered.
ActiveCampaign
ActiveCampaign is a marketing automation platform that combines email marketing, CRM, and customer experience tools. It enables users to create targeted campaigns with advanced triggers, segmentation, and workflows. With robust automation and reporting features, it supports lead nurturing at every stage. Ideal for growing businesses wanting to personalize communication.
- Target platforms: web, email, CRM systems, eCommerce platforms (e.g., Shopify, WooCommerce)
- Main use: email marketing, marketing automation, CRM, sales automation
- Moderate usability: feature-rich with a learning curve for advanced automation setups
- Customization: high (custom workflows, segmentation, automation rules)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong integrations with Salesforce, HubSpot, Pipedrive, and over 900 apps via Zapier
- Data accuracy: high (real-time data syncing, behavioral tracking)
- Automation capabilities: very high (advanced automation builder, conditional logic, event tracking)
- Ideal for: SMBs to enterprises seeking robust marketing automation and CRM integration
- Payment plans:
- Free trial of 14 days
- Starter plan: minimum of $19/month for 1,000 contacts
- Plus plan: minimum of $59/month for 1,000 contacts and Facebook, Google and LinkedIn ad integrations
- Professional plan: minimum of $99/month for 1,000 contacts and Salesforce and Microsoft Dynamics integrations
- Enterprise Plan: minimum of $145/month for 1,000 contacts and a dedicated account representative
Unbounce
Unbounce lets users build custom landing pages, popups, and sticky bars designed to maximize conversions. It offers A/B testing, AI-powered content suggestions, and easy drag-and-drop editing. Integrations with marketing and CRM tools streamline data capture. It’s a strong choice for marketers running paid campaigns or lead capture pages.
- Target platforms: web, landing pages, pop-ups, sticky bars, integrates with marketing tools and CRMs
- Main use: landing page creation, conversion rate optimization, A/B testing
- Easy usability: user-friendly drag-and-drop builder with AI-powered features
- Customization: high (custom scripts, dynamic text replacement, design flexibility)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong integrations with HubSpot, Marketo, Salesforce, and others
- Data accuracy: high (real-time analytics, conversion tracking)
- Automation capabilities: moderate (smart traffic for AI optimization, scheduled pop-ups)
- Ideal for: marketers and agencies focusing on lead generation and conversion optimization
- Payment plans:
- Build plan: $99/month for 1 domain and 1 user
- Experiment plan: $149/month for 2 domains and 3 users
- Optimize plan: $249/month for 3 domains and 5 users
- Agency plan: custom pricing, for +20 domains and +5 users
- Concierge plan: $649/month for unlimited domains and users
Pipedrive
Pipedrive is a CRM and pipeline management tool built with sales teams in mind. It offers visual pipelines, customizable stages, and automation features to track and close deals faster. Users can schedule activities, set reminders, and monitor performance. It’s simple, intuitive, and optimized for productivity.
- Target platforms: web, mobile apps (iOS, Android), integrates with various sales and marketing tools
- Main use: sales pipeline management, CRM, activity tracking
- Easy usability: intuitive interface with visual sales pipelines
- Customization: moderate (custom fields, pipeline stages, workflow automation)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong integrations with Google Workspace, Microsoft Teams, Slack, and over 400 apps via Zapier
- Data accuracy: high (real-time updates, smart contact data)
- Automation capabilities: moderate (workflow automation, email sequences, activity reminders)
- Ideal for: SMBs and sales teams seeking a straightforward CRM solution
- Payment plans:
- Essential plan: €24 per user, with a AI Sales Assistant and basic dashboards
- Advanced plan: €49 per user, with an email integration and workflow automation
- Professional plan: €69 per user, with group emailing
- Power plan: €79 per user with 90 workflow automation and all professional features
- Enterprise plan: €129 per user with enhanced security features for large enterprises
Pipedrive offers add-ons available for all plans, starting with the LeadBooster for €32,50/month with chatbot and live chat, among other features.
Leadpages
Leadpages is a website and landing page builder designed for marketers who want to drive conversions without coding. It includes drag-and-drop tools, templates, lead capture forms, and popups. Pages are optimized for mobile and speed, with built-in analytics. It’s great for solopreneurs and small teams focused on lead generation.
- Target platforms: web, integrates with email marketing services and CRMs
- Main use: landing page creation, lead capture, conversion optimization
- Easy usability: drag-and-drop builder with pre-designed templates
- Customization: moderate (customizable templates, limited advanced design options)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong integrations with Mailchimp, Salesforce, HubSpot, and others
- Data accuracy: high (real-time lead data capture and syncing)
- Automation capabilities: moderate (A/B testing, alert bars, pop-ups
- Ideal for: entrepreneurs, small businesses, and marketers focusing on lead generation
- Payment plans:
- Standard plan: $49/month for unlimited traffic and leads
- Pro plan: $99/month for 3 websites
- Conversion plan: $697/month for up to 50 websites
Leadfeeder
Leadfeeder identifies which companies visit your website, even if they don’t fill out a form. It integrates with CRMs and Google Analytics to show visitor behavior and enrich lead profiles. Sales teams can prioritize outreach based on interest and engagement. It’s a powerful B2B tool for turning anonymous traffic into leads.
- Target platforms: web, integrates with CRMs and marketing tools
- Main use: B2B website visitor tracking, lead generation, sales intelligence
- Easy usability: simple interface with clear visitor data insights
- Customization: moderate (custom feeds, filters, tagging)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: strong integrations with HubSpot, Pipedrive, Salesforce, and others
- Data accuracy: high (identifies companies visiting your website, enriched with firmographic data)
- Automation capabilities: moderate (lead scoring, automatic lead syncing to CRMs)
- Ideal for: B2B companies aiming to identify and engage website visitors
- Payment plans:
- Premium plan: $99/month with unlimited data retention and users
Phantombuster
Phantombuster automates data collection and prospecting tasks across social platforms like LinkedIn, Instagram, and Twitter. Users can scrape profiles, send connection requests, or extract emails using prebuilt “phantoms.” It’s popular for growth hacking, lead generation, and automating repetitive outreach tasks. No coding skills required.
- Target platforms: LinkedIn, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and more
- Main use: Automated scraping and lead extraction from social media
- Moderate usability (requires setting up ‘Phantoms’)
- Customization: high (custom scripts, chain automations)
- CRM/Workflow Integration: medium (via Zapier/Integromat)
- Data accuracy: moderate to high (depends on platform)
- Automation capabilities: high (multi-step automation chains)
- Ideal for: tech-savvy users, growth hackers
- Payment plans:
- Free trial: 14-day trial with limited features
- Starter: $56/month: includes 20 hours of execution time, 10,000 AI credits, and 10 slots for Phantoms.
- Pro: $128/month: 80 hours, 30,000 AI credits, and 15 slots.
- Team: $352/month: 300 hours, 90,000 AI credits, and 50 slots.
As you see, there are so many options that you will need to make a decision on which lead generation tool to use, based on your needs, size of your company, budget and expected growth. If you are interested in knowing more about fast and highly effective ways of getting leads, you may need an email extractor like IGLeads. Never heard of it? Keep reading!
Bonus: B2B lead generation tools with email extractors
Email extractors are powerful niche B2B lead generation tools for finding and collecting email addresses from websites, directories, social platforms, and other online sources. When used responsibly and ethically, they can be a game-changer for B2B lead generation. IGLeads already has a good reputation as a legal email extractor, so here we will review it again, together with other lead generation software that use this technique.
IGLeads
Best for: extracting legal public data from social media platforms (like Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and Twitter)
- Finding influencers, creators, and niche-specific profiles
- Scraping usernames, bios, emails (when public), follower counts, and more
- No-code tool really easy to use
- Perfect for marketers doing cold emails, real estate professionals, B2C businesses targeting social audiences
Hunter.io
Hunter.io helps users find and verify professional email addresses linked to a specific domain. Its Email Finder and Domain Search tools are great for B2B outreach and list building. With built-in email verification and Chrome extension support, it’s easy to integrate into your workflow. It’s best for salespeople and recruiters needing verified emails fast.
Best for: Domain-based email lookup and verification
- Find emails by company or domain
- Chrome extension for instant extractio
- Built-in email verifier and campaign sender
- Ideal for finding professional emails from websites
Skrapp.io
Skrapp.io is an email finder tool designed for B2B prospecting, allowing users to extract emails from LinkedIn profiles and company websites. It also features a bulk search and email verification system to clean your lists. The interface is user-friendly, and data can be exported into your CRM or as CSV. It’s well-suited for LinkedIn-based lead generation.
Best for: B2B lead generation via LinkedIn and company domains
- Chrome plugin for LinkedIn email scraping
- Domain search and bulk company extraction
- Great for sales and recruitment professionals
Snov.io
Snov.io is an all-in-one outreach automation and email finding platform tailored for sales teams. It offers tools for email search, verification, and drip campaign creation—all in one place. Users can find leads from company domains, social media, or search criteria, and then engage them with sequenced emails. It’s ideal for cold email campaigns at scale.
Best for: Outreach + extraction + drip campaigns
- Find and verify emails from domains or social profiles
- LinkedIn and company name search
- Email campaign automation included
- Perfect all-in-one tool for sales teams
Voila Norbert
Voila Norbert is a simple, effective email finding and verification tool known for its clean interface and high accuracy. Users can find corporate emails by entering names and domains, or upload bulk lists for enrichment. It also includes a verification system to reduce bounce rates. Great for freelance marketers and SMBs focusing on cold outreach.
Best for: Clean, simple domain-based email finding
- Find emails by entering name + company domain
- High accuracy and GDPR-compliant
- Great for manual, one-off email discovery
GetProspect
GetProspect offers a Chrome extension and platform to find B2B email addresses from LinkedIn profiles. It includes filtering by job title, company size, industry, and location. The tool also verifies emails and integrates with major CRMs. It’s built for recruiters, sales teams, and agencies who rely heavily on LinkedIn sourcing.
Best for: LinkedIn-based lead gen with email enrichment
- Bulk LinkedIn email extraction
- Email finder via job title + company
- CRM-friendly exports
- Popular for recruiter and SDR workflows
EmailDrop.io
EmailDrop.io is a lightweight and straightforward tool for finding email addresses associated with a website or domain. It’s browser-based and doesn’t require login, making it fast and easy to use. Great for quick research or casual prospecting tasks. While simple, it’s a handy utility for marketers on the go.
Best for: Extracting emails from webpages and text content
- Chrome extension + web crawler
- Finds emails from visited websites
- Useful for fast manual scrapes or competitor analysis
When to choose niche lead generation tools vs. all-in-one platforms
Choosing between niche lead generation tools and all-in-one platforms depends on your business needs, team size, and sales strategy. Using a niche lead generation tool will help you especially if you have a limited budget and want to optimize your resources. These B2B lead generation software and tools are great if you have a very specific audience and you want precision over volume. If you work with B2B emailing, and you have an email automation workflow in process or you are building a nurturing workflow for your audience, the niche lead generation tools may suit your needs.
All-in-one platforms for B2B lead generation are focused on bigger companies that are scaling quickly, businesses that need an end-to-end solution and need strong analytics and reporting systems because otherwise their leads would be unmanageable.
So, our advice is:
Choose niche tools when you need focus and flexibility. Go all-in-one when you want simplicity, scale, and full pipeline visibility. Sometimes, the best setup is a hybrid of both.
What is B2B lead generation?
B2B lead generation is the process of identifying and attracting potential companies who are likely to purchase your products or services. Unlike B2C (business-to-consumer), B2B involves longer sales cycles, multiple decision-makers, and a greater need for relationship-building. The goal is to collect qualified leads, nurture them, and convert them into paying clients.
What is B2B lead generation software and how is it different from B2C?
B2B lead generation software is a tool designed to help businesses attract, identify, and engage potential business clients. These platforms streamline the process of finding decision-makers within companies, gathering contact data, and automating outreach campaigns through email, LinkedIn, or other channels. Popular B2B lead gen tools include platforms like IGLeads.io, Apollo, and ZoomInfo, which often integrate with CRM systems and allow users to target leads based on company size, industry, job title, or behavior.
The key difference from B2C lead generation software lies in the target audience and sales process. B2C tools focus on attracting individual consumers, often using tactics like social media ads, landing pages, and influencer marketing. They prioritize high-volume, emotionally driven purchases with shorter sales cycles.
What’s the best B2B lead generation software (for you)
After reviewing the best lead generation tools of 2025 you can still have doubts about which one is right for you. Remember that when choosing a tool you need to think of your audience first, and your resources: are you a solopreneur? A big agency? What are going to use for: sales, marketing or everything in between?
The best way of getting familiar with lead gen tools is trying them yourself. Download IGLeads in just two clicks and you can start scraping and see if this is what you are looking for! Most tools offer free trials, video tutorials and more to get the most out of the tool. Don’t miss any opportunity to get hands-on and make the decision based on your experience and needs!
Any questions?
B2B lead generation software helps businesses find potential customers by sourcing data like email addresses, phone numbers, and company details. These tools automate the process of identifying and collecting leads, so sales teams can focus on outreach and closing deals.
The best source for B2B leads is LinkedIn, thanks to its detailed professional data and targeting options. For local businesses, Google Maps is highly effective. Tools like IGLeads allow you to extract real-time contact data from these platforms and others like company websites and business directories, giving you fresh, accurate leads tailored to your niche.
The best lead generation tool depends on your goals, but for small businesses, platforms like IGLeads offer a great balance of affordability, ease of use, and lead accuracy. It’s ideal for those who need high-quality data without the complexity or high cost of enterprise software.
Yes, there are free tools and freemium options like Hunter, Skrapp, and some browser extensions. However, these usually come with limited searches or restricted data. Paid tools like IGLeads offer more reliable, up-to-date data and larger volume access.
Absolutely. Most lead generation tools allow you to export data to CSV or integrate directly with CRMs like HubSpot, Salesforce, or Pipedrive. IGLeads makes exporting and importing data into your CRM seamless.
Lead generation tools that typically use web scraping, APIs, and public data sources such as LinkedIn, company websites, or business directories are perfect to do lead generation for B2B. IGLeads uses compliant scraping methods to gather accurate and up-to-date business contact information.
Accuracy depends on how often the tool updates its database and where it sources data. IGLeads is known for real-time scraping, which increases accuracy compared to tools that rely on stale databases.
Apollo is a strong tool with a built-in outreach system, but it’s more complex and expensive. IGLeads is more flexible, faster at scraping real-time data, and ideal for users who want lead data without committing to a full CRM or email platform.
Few tools offer real-time scraping. IGLeads stands out by letting users pull live data directly from platforms like LinkedIn, Google Maps, and Instagram, ensuring fresher and more relevant leads.
Not at all. Tools like IGLeads are designed for non-technical users, with simple interfaces and step-by-step instructions. No coding or advanced setup is required.
It depends on how the data is collected and used. IGLeads follows ethical scraping practices and focuses on publicly available business information. However, it’s important to follow your local laws and only use the data for compliant outreach (e.g., not sending unsolicited marketing emails without proper opt-in).